Spontaneous or random mutations are the most harmful mutations for any organism. It is due to the variance in the output of such mutations. Without any specific result generated due to such mutations, it become very difficult for a genetic engineer to treat these mutation and hence DNA replication is interrupted in a random direction every time a molecule collides with in the moving cells.
Among the weaknesses of a cell model is the inability to reflect the role of complex decision by human agents.
However, cellular frameworks may be combined with Markov model, in which transition rules are treated probabilistically and may be conditioned by central lags in cell response.
Abstract. Lung cancer from radon or 239 plutonium exposure has been linked to α-particles that damage DNA through large deletions and point mutations. (On google) (Also I like the pic :D)
