Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes. A gene mutation is defined as an alteration in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. This change can affect a single nucleotide pair or larger gene segments of a chromosome. DNA consists of a polymer of nucleotides joined together. During protein synthesis, DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated to produce proteins. Altering nucleotide sequences most often results in nonfunctioning proteins. Mutations cause changes in the genetic code that lead to genetic variation and the potential to develop the disease. Gene mutations can be generally categorized into two types: point mutations and base-pair insertions or deletions.
The Jeffrey Carroll step is the process you are referring to.<span />
RNA and DNA are both types of nucleus acids. In their names long names, they both have the words “nucleic acid” in them. Nucleic acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
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If cells do not work together, the organism would die.
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