Answer:
Vascular
Explanation:
Vascular Tissues consist of long, narrow cells arranged end-to-end, forming tubes. There are two different types of vascular tissues, called xylem and phloem. Xylem is vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to stems and leaves.
In the coding region, natural selection tends to eliminate all of the mutations because of the high importance these regions have. The coding region contains genes that synthesize proteins and the changes in the DNA sequence can have devastating effects on the cell. Therefore, there are very few differences in the sequences of coding regions that can help us trace the lineage.
On the other hand, in the non-coding regions, the mutations often accumulate because they have little effect on the cell and the adaptive value of the organism. This enables us to trace up the lineage by comparing the sequences and seeing the differences in the sequences.
When a frameshift mutation occurs, the string of DNA will be glued together. When this DNA is going to be part of a process, such as a transcription, whatever is causing the process is unaware of the mutation actually having happened.
Answer:
25%
Explanation:
When looking at a pedigree remember that:
- squares are males
- circles are females
- the solid colored figure represents an individual affected by a disease
- the empty figure represents a healthy individual
Let us assign the symbol X⁺ to represent the dominant allele linked to the X-chromosome and expressing healthiness, and X⁻ to represent the recessive allele expressing the dissease.
According to this pedigree
- I1 is a man affected by the disease, YX⁻
- I2 is a healthy woman X⁺X⁻
- we can see that among the progeny (generation II) there are two individuals affected (a boy and a girl) and one healthy girl. This means that the mother I2 is heterozygous for the trait.
So, having their genotypes we can know what are the probabilities of getting a son with DMD
Parentals) YX⁻ x X⁺X⁻
Gametes) Y X⁻ X⁺ X⁻
Punnett square)
X⁺ X⁻
X⁻ X⁺X⁻ X⁻X⁻
Y X⁺Y X⁻Y
F1)
- The probabilities of getting a healthy daughter X⁺X⁻ are 25%
- The probabilities of getting a healthy son X⁺Y are 25%
- The probabilities of getting a daughter with DMD X⁻X⁻ are 25%
- The probabilities of getting a son with DMD X⁻Y are 25%
Answer:
a. the first methionine in eukaryotic translation contains a formyl group.
Explanation:
Protein synthesis begins when the initiator aminoacyl tRNA carrying the initiator amino acid joins the mRNA-small ribosomal subunit complex. Procaryotes and eucaryotes differ from each other in the identity of the first initiator amino acid. In both types of organisms, "AUG" serves as an initiation codon. However, procaryotes have formyl-methionine joined to the amino acid arm of the initiator tRNA while eucaryotic initiator tRNA carries methionine as the first amino acid to be added to the protein.
