Water is a unique molecule which contains inter-molecular forces like vandar wall's forces and hydrogen bonding that results in extremely strong bonding forces among water molecules.
Cohesion and adhesion are the properties of water which refer to the fact that water molecules are not only very strongly attracted to water molecules but also to other polar molecules of any type.
This is the cohesive nature of the water which makes water a water drop and it is the adhesive nature of water due to which water takes the shape and available space in a glass or jar of water .
How these properties are a result of bonding between atoms?
Cohesive properties:
- We are well aware of the fact that water is composed of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of Hydrogen.
- The two hydrogen atoms align themselves in such a way that oxygen is in middle of them. Due to great electronegativity difference Oxygen gets a partial negative charge while Hydrogen atoms get partial positive charges.
- Now one oxygen atom of one one water molecule attracts the partial positive charged hydrogen atom of another water molecule, and this attraction causes the bonding. This type of inter-molecular forces of atom gives water cohesive properties.
Adhesive properties:
- If we talk about adhesive properties through which water is attracted to other materials of polar nature, these adhesive properties are also due to same nature of bonding.
- Any polar compounds can easily get bonded with water due to polar nature of water molecules. You can see the attached figure for better understanding of bonding properties of water.
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The paired centromeres from each chromosome have just begun to separate and the sister chromatids are being pulled apart by the kinetochore microtubules as they are shortened by the loss of tubulin monomers. ... These chromosomes appear V-shaped when observed during anaphase.
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Answer:
The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also called the citric acid cycle), and electron transport.
Explanation: Hope this helps you!
Answer;
Bit clock
-Bit clock is the name given to the clock signal that occurs evenly spaced time durations during which data signals are sent in synchronous transmissions.
Explanation;
The term "bit clock" is used to describe a one cycle per sample "square wave" signal used for internal synchronization within digital audio equipment.
-In synchronous transmission data signals are sent along with a clock signal which occurs at evenly spaced time duration referred to as the bit time. On the other hand, in asynchronous Data signals are transmitted without an associated clock signal. The time spacing between data characters or blocks may be of arbitrary duration, meaning the spacing is not standardized. Therefore, frames require start and stop indicator flags.