Answer:
Each layer has a different temperature range and contains different mixtures of gases and moisture. Human activities on Earth's surface can create changes in the atmosphere. Pollution, acid rain, and holes in the ozone disrupt how the atmosphere normally functions.
<span>TESTING HYPOTHESIS ABOUT INDIVIDUAL REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS: t STATISTIC) : The t statistic. Used to determine which of the independent variables influences the dependent variable. Whether a particular independent variable influences the dependent variable Test whether the true value of the parameter estimate is zero. The higher the value of the t-statistic, the smaller the value of the regression coefficient is zero.</span>
Answer: Experiment.
Explanation:
Suppose that we have two related variables, A (independent) and B (dependent)
We could design an experiment where we can manipulate the value of A at will, and we also can observe how the variable B changes.
This is called an experiment, where the objective is to see how the variable B is related to the variable A, and then try to make a model that explains this relationship.
The correct answer is:
nucleic acids
Explanation:
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or humble biomolecules, necessary for all known methods of life. They are formed of nucleotides, which are monomers comprised of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base..Nucleic acids are the basic unit of heritage, they develop all the genetic element of living things.This genetic information defines how individual cells and entire organisms grow and function
Answer
Species with lower resilience have less chance to survive.
Explanation
The resilience rate means to recover after destruction. The species having a higher rate of resilience recover fast when undergoing any damage hence have higher chance to survive. The species with lower resilience rate can collapse as a result of any damage to species by any internal factor such as disease or external factors such as food or climate change.
