Answer:
c
Explanation:
application of:
A. positive economics. B. negative economics. C. normative economics. D. economic naturalism.
Positive Economics is objective and statements are usually based on facts and economic theory. They can be tested.
For example, an increase in input would lead to a decrease in supply of the good is based on economic theory and facts. An increase in input would increase the cost of production and this would discourage sellers from producing.
Normative economics is based value judgements, opinions and perspectives. For example, the statement - social welfare spending in Sweden occupies too large a portion of the national budget - is based on opinion. To some the expenditure might be even too small. There is no economic theory that can be used to determine if this expenditure is too large or small
The answer you’re looking for is OD hopes this helps !
Many companies view the marketing environment as an<u> </u><u>Uncontrollable</u><u> </u><u>element</u> to which they must react and adapt.
Market is a place where the consumers and sellers meet in order to purchase and sell goods respectively. Market runs on many factors which include the availability of the goods, the demand for the goods and easy flow of cash. According to some companies and experts marketing environment is uncontrollable as it comes with risks too. Also, the demand for a particular good cannot be controlled by the market as it solely depends on the consumers. For example, if there is a demand of milk chocolate in the market but market has surplus of dark chocolate then the demand for milk chocolate is uncontrollable. The risk factors include economic factors as well as the political factors.
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The items that are initially recorded as an expense on the income statement are:
- a. Research and development costs
- b. Advertising costs
<h3>What is an Income Statement? </h3>
This refers to financial information that stores all the inflows and income that occurred over a period of time.
Hence, we can see that from the complete text, there are lists of items and the Research and development costs and Advertising costs are initially included as expenses in the income statement.
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Hi my dear friend,
A centrally planned economy is an economic system in which the state or government makes economic decisions rather than the these being made by the interaction between consumers and businesses. ... State-owned enterprises undertake the production of goods and services.
~Thank you
