Scientists know that a mutation - or alteration - in a particular gene's DNA may contribute to a certain disease. However, it can be very difficult to develop a test to detect these mutations, because most large genes have many regions where mutations can occur. For example, researchers believe that mutations in the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 cause as many as 60 percent of all cases of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. But there is not one specific mutation responsible for all of these cases. Researchers have already discovered over 800 different mutations in BRCA1 alone.
The DNA microarray is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from a particular individual contains a mutation in genes like BRCA1and BRCA2. The chip consists of a small glass plate encased in plastic. Some companies manufacture microarrays using methods similar to those used to make computer microchips. On the surface, each chip contains thousands of short, synthetic, single-stranded DNA sequences, which together add up to the normal gene in question, and to variants (mutations) of that gene that have been found in the human population.
The major difference is that plants use vacuoles to store excess amounts of water, while animal cells do not. A plant standing up straight compared to a plant wilting over is a result of water capacity in the vacuoles
This is because oxygen will not be available for breathing and energy will not be released for cellular activities because photosynthesizing organisms have chlorophyll and trap light energy ffrom sunlight , using carbondioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Oxygen is the by product which is the gas that is inhaled by living organisms during respiration and also break glucose to release ATP. Therefore without these organisms, respiration will be difficult.
