Question

Both mitosis and meiosis are forms of cell division that produce daughter cells containing genetic information from the parent cell. (a) Describe TWO events that are common to both mitosis and meiosis that ensure the resulting daughter cells inherit the appropriate number of chromosomes. (b) The genetic composition of daughter cells produce by mitosis differs from that of the daughter cells produced by meiosis. Describe TWO features of the cell division processes that lead to these differences.

Answer 1

Answer:

(a)1. the replication of  genetic materials at S-phase of  interphase of both mitosis and meiosis prior to cell division.( This ensured required amount of genetic material are present in the daughter cells to produce, and enough food source as raw material fro the entire division process.

2.the manner in which the the chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell before the chromosomes separates. (This ensured that required or exact copies of chromosomes are available in the new daughter cells as the chromosomes migrates to new daughter cells at Metaphase and Anaphase.

(b)Number of cell cycles or division and crossing over

This occurs because of the number of cell divisions that occurs, Mitosis occurs in one cycle of division which multiplied the number of cells formed, and therefore refereed to as multiplication  division.(2n)The new daughter cells have exact number  of chromosomes as the parent cells. While meiosis occurs in two cycles of Meiosis 1 and 11. This is a reduction division(n) in which the new daughter cells have haploid or  half of the parent chromosome numbers.

Crossing over is another feature which increases the chances of variation from the mixing up of genetic materials of both parents in the new daughter cells at a point called chiasmata. This makes the new haploid  daughter cells  having  new genetic composition slightly different from both parents.