I think because of the gravitational pull
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING is associated with the fearless peer experiment. The experiment demonstrates OBSERVING OTHERS AND POSITIVE BEHAVIORS.
Fearless peer experiment is about a video show about a small boy who was having fun playing with dogs. What was seen inside the video encourages the watchers to lose the fear they have for strange dogs.
I don’t have your list, but that would be the independent variable, or the IV.