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Some outcomes of the fall of the Berlin Wall were the end of travel restrictions for East Germans, a sudden increase of East Germans moving to the West, and the change from a planned economy to a free market.
After 450 years as a republic, Rome became an empire in the wake of Julius Caesar's rise and fall in the first century B.C.
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For the Soviet Union, the intervention proved extraordinarily costly in a number of ways. While the Soviets never released official casualty figures for the war in Afghanistan, U.S. intelligence sources estimated that as many as 15,000 Russian troops died in Afghanistan, and the economic cost to the already struggling Soviet economy ran into billions of dollars. The intervention also strained relations between the Soviet Union and the United States nearly to the breaking point. President Jimmy Carter harshly criticized the Russian action, stalled talks on arms limitations, issued economic sanctions, and even ordered a boycott of the 1980 Olympics held in Moscow.
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