Answer:
The miRNAs act as post-transcriptional silencers, as they are similar to specific mRNAs and regulate their stability and translation. They are small endogenous non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules, with about 22 nucleotides, which act as regulators of gene expression in plants and animals, at the post-transcriptional level through the cleavage of a target messenger RNA (mRNA) or repression of translation.
In general, most miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II in the nucleus in primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs). Individually, a pri-miRNA can produce a single miRNA or contain groups of two or more miRNAs that are processed from a common primary transcript. These long pri-miRNA are cleaved by a complex comprising the double-stranded RNAse III enzyme (DROSHA) and its essential cofactor, the binding protein DGCR8 (DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region 8 protein) in mammals. DROSHA contains two domains of RNAse III, each of which cleaves a strand of the RNA resulting in the precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) with about 70 base pairs, which contains a double-stranded stretch and a single-stranded loop, forming a structure in clamp. The pre-miRNA is exported to the cytoplasm by the protein exportin-5 (XPO-5), where it is cleaved by DICER1, an RNAse III that assesses the 3 'and 5' ends of the pre-miRNA, generating a mature miRNA with about 22 nucleotides. The processing of pre-miRNA by Dicer promotes the unfolding of the RNA duplex in the form of a clamp. The position in the formation of the clamp can also influence the choice of tape.
Explanation:
Answer:
Pfiesteria species generally found in estuaries, the population of which are needed to be controlled only when they becomes toxic. Presence of large of fish triggers toxicity in Pfiesteria.
Explanation:
Pfiesteria are known to be associated with fish kills as for example large fish kill in the seas of North Carolina. It also causes blooming of algae in enormous numbers thus make the water bodies, hostile for survival of fishes and other marine lives. It affects human too by release of toxins in air and water often resulting in respiratory problems, infections of gastrointestinal system, headaches and fatigue. In this type of grave circumstances, leading to outburst of population of Pfiesteria, there is an urgent need to control.
Answer:
<em>The correct option is d) distal humerus fracture</em>
Explanation:
The humerus is one of the three bones which join to make up the elbow joint. A break in the lower end part of the upper elbow results in distal humerus fracture. Such types of events are caused due to high energy collisions such as during an accident. The distal humerus fracture can be treated through a surgery. During the surgery, the normal motion of the humerus is tried to be restored.
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The answers are principles C and D. After the big bang, particles in gas clouds were closer to each other and clumped up faster. As they clumped together, they gained more gravitational force, eventually creating asteroids, stars, and planets.
