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Bas_tet [7]
3 years ago
11

Define the following terms: a. Cost of debt b. Cost of equity c. After-tax WACC d. Equity beta e. Asset beta f. Pure-play compar

able g. Certainty equivalent
Business
2 answers:
I am Lyosha [343]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Explanation:

A. Cost of debt: This is the rate of a company pays on its debts, such as bonds and loans. Cost of debt is one part of a company's capital structure, with the other being the cost of equity.

B. Cost of equity : This is the return a company needs to decide if an Investment meets capital return requirements.

C. After tax WACC:This is the average after tax cost of a company's various capital sources, including common stocks, preferred stocks, bonds, and any other long term debt. In other words,WACC is the average rate of a company expect to pay to finance its assets.

D. Equity beta:This measures the volatility of the stock to the market that is, how sensitive is the stock price to a change in the overall market. Equity beta is also known as levered beta.

E. Assets beta: This is also known as unlevered beta, this is a beta of a company without the impact of debt. It is also known as the volatility of returns for a company.

F. Pure play comparable :This refers to companies that are in the single line of business. It is also used to find cost of capital for a project that is different from company's mainstream business.

G. Certainty equivalent :This is a guaranteed return that someone would accept now, rather than taking a chance on higher but uncertain, return in the future.

gtnhenbr [62]3 years ago
3 0

Answer: The answers are explained below.

Explanation:

• Cost of debt: The cost of debt is the interest rate that a company is charged on its debts. It is the interest paid on bonds, loans etc. The cost of debt is usually the before-tax cost of a debt.

• Cost of equity: The cost of equity is the return a firm pays to its equity investors e.g shareholders in order to reward them for the risk taken by investing their capital. Companies need capital to operate and grow hence, individuals and organizations who provide funds to such companies are rewarded.

• After tax WACC: The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a firm's combined cost of capital including preferred shares, common shares, and debt after the deduction of tax.

• Equity Beta: It measures the sensitivity of the stock price to changes in market. Equity Beta is also called levered beta.

• Asset beta: It is the beta of a firm without the effect of debt. It is a company's volatility of returns without its indebtedness.

• Pure play comparable: The pure play comparable is the taking of the beta estimate of another company that is comparable and in same line of business.

• Certainty equivalent: It is the guaranteed return that an individual would take now, rather than awaiting a higher but uncertain return later in the future.

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. What do you understand by term “advertising”. What would happen if ethical advertisement is not followed by businesses? Explai
Blababa [14]

Answer:

Ethics means a set of moral principles which govern a person’s behavior or how the activity is conducted. And advertising means a mode of communication between a seller and a buyer.

Thus ethics in advertising means a set of well defined principles which govern the ways of communication taking place between the seller and the buyer. Ethics is the most important feature of the advertising industry. Though there are many benefits of advertising but then there are some points which don’t match the ethical norms of advertising.

An ethical ad is the one which doesn’t lie, doesn’t make fake or false claims and is in the limit of decency.

Nowadays, ads are more exaggerated and a lot of puffing is used. It seems like the advertisers lack knowledge of ethical norms and principles. They just don’t understand and are unable to decide what is correct and what is wrong.

The main area of interest for advertisers is to increase their sales, gain more and more customers, and increase the demand for the product by presenting a well decorated, puffed and colorful ad. They claim that their product is the best, having unique qualities than the competitors, more cost effective, and more beneficial. But most of these ads are found to be false, misleading customers and unethical. The best example of these types of ads is the one which shows evening snacks for the kids, they use coloring and gluing to make the product look glossy and attractive to the consumers who are watching the ads on television and convince them to buy the product without giving a second thought.

<em>Ethics in Advertising is directly related to the purpose of advertising and the nature of advertising. Sometimes exaggerating the ad becomes necessary to prove the benefit of the product. For e.g. a sanitary napkin ad which shows that when the napkin was dropped in a river by some girls, the napkin soaked whole water of the river. Thus, the purpose of advertising was only to inform women about the product quality. Obviously, every woman knows that this cannot practically happen but the ad was accepted. This doesn’t show that the ad was unethical. </em>

Ethics also depends on what we believe. If the advertisers make the ads on the belief that the customers will understand, persuade them to think, and then act on their ads, then this will lead to positive results and the ad may not be called unethical. But at the same time, if advertisers believe that they can fool their customers by showing any impractical things like just clicking fingers will make your home or office fully furnished or just buying a lottery ticket will make you a millionaire, then this is not going to work out for them and will be called as unethical.

Recently, the Vetican issued an article which says ads should follow three moral principles - Truthfulness, Social Responsibility and Upholding Human Dignity.

Generally, big companies never lie as they have to prove their points to various ad regulating bodies. Truth is always said but not completely. Sometimes its better not to reveal the whole truth in the ad but at times truth has to be shown for betterment.

Pharmaceutical Advertising - they help creating awareness, but one catchy point here is that the advertisers show what the medicine can cure but never talk about the side effects of that same thing or the risks involved in intake of it.

Children - children are the major sellers of the ads and the product. They have the power to convince the buyers. But when advertisers are using children in their ad, they should remember not to show them alone doing there work on their own like brushing teeth, playing with toys, or infants holding their own milk bottles as everyone knows that no one will leave their kids unattended while doing all these activities. So showing parents also involved in all activities or things being advertised will be more logical.

Alcohol - till today, there hasn’t come any liquor ad which shows anyone drinking the original liquor. They use mineral water and sodas in their advertisements with their brand name. These types of ads are called surrogate ads. These type of ads are totally unethical when liquor ads are totally banned. Even if there are no advertisements for alcohol, people will continue drinking.

Cigarettes and Tobacco - these products should be never advertised as consumption of these things is directly and badly responsible for cancer and other severe health issues. These as are already banned in countries like India, Norway, Thailand, Finland and Singapore.

Ads for social causes - these types of ads are ethical and are accepted by the people. But ads like condoms and contraceptive pills should be limited, as these are sometimes unethical, and are more likely to loose morality and decency at places where there is no educational knowledge about all these products.

(that is same question on my papers)

7 0
3 years ago
Company's comparative balance sheet E(Click the icon to view the comparative balance sheet.) t January 31, 2019, and 2018, repor
frozen [14]

Answer:

Bosley Company

Calculation of Net Income or Net Loss during the year ended January 31, 2019, under three independent situations:

Situation 1. Bosley issued $5 million of stock and declared no dividends.  

Net Loss = stockholders' equity, January 31, 2018 plus new issue of stock less stockholders' equity, January 31, 2019

= $51 + 5 - 31 = $25 million

Situation 2. Bosley issued no stock but declared dividends of $8 million.

Net loss = stockholders' equity, January 31, 2018 less (dividends + stockholders' equity, January 31, 2019)

= $51 - (8 + 31) = $12 million

Situation 3. Bosley issued $10 million of stock and declared dividends of $50 million :

Net income = (stockholders' equity, January 31, 2019 plus dividends) minus (stockholders' equity, January 31, 2018 plus Issuance of stock)

= ($31 + 50) - ($51 + 10) = $20 million

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

                                         2018    2019

Total assets                         74       48  

Total liabilities                     23       17  

Total stockholders' equity  51       31

Stockholders' equity according to the accounting equation = Assets minus Liabilities for each year.

b) Situation 1. Bosley issued $5 million of stock and declared no dividends.  

                                                                       ($' million)

Total stockholders' equity, January 31, 2018   51

Add: Issuance of stock                                       5

Net income                                                           0

Less: Dividends declared                                   0

Net loss                                                            (25 )

Total stockholders' equity, January 31, 2019   31

Net Loss = stockholders' equity, January 31, 2018 plus new issue of stock less stockholders' equity, January 31, 2019

= $51 + 5 - 31 = $25 million

c) Situation 2. Bosley issued no stock but declared dividends of $8 million.  

                                                                       ($' million)

Total stockholders' equity, January 31, 2018   51

Add: Issuance of stock                                       0

Net income                                                          0

Less: Dividends declared                                 (8 )

Net loss                                                             (12 )

Total stockholders' equity, January 31, 2019  31

Net loss = stockholders' equity, January 31, 2018 less (dividends + stockholders' equity, January 31, 2019)

= $51 - (8 + 31) = $12 million

d) Situation 3. Bosley issued $10 million of stock and declared dividends of $50 million

                                                                    ($' million)

Total stockholders' equity, January 31, 2018  51

Add: Issuance of stock                                     10

Net income                                                       20

Less: Dividends declared                               (50 )

Net loss                                                              0

Total stockholders' equity, January 31, 2019 31

Net income = (stockholders' equity, January 31, 2019 plus dividends) minus (stockholders' equity, January 31, 2018 plus Issuance of stock)

= ($31 + 50) - ($51 + 10) = $20 million

4 0
3 years ago
Extreme Adventurer, an outdoor nature magazine, marketed to potential customers who recently purchased camping equipment and fou
MrRa [10]

Answer:

potential customers who recently purchased camping equipment and four-wheel drive trucks.

Explanation:

  • The call to action has a huge potential hidden in reaching out to the customers and making them call for outdoor nature and adventure.
  • The magazine tries to catch the reader's attention by making claims such as tired of sitting in front of your computer.  
  • Those people who usually stay at home and are unable to move out due to some reason can use their purchased camping equipment and four-wheel-drive trucks.
7 0
3 years ago
What is one reason why a business may want to move entirely online?
Brilliant_brown [7]
B. To focus on a global market.
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pochemuha
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