Plants in the rain forest have unique adaptations to help them to thrive in the climatic conditions present there. Temperatures in the rain forest are high all year round. Since tropical rain forests are located around the equator they receive direct sunlight. The leaves of the plants here are waxy to protect them from the direct sunlight.
Rain fall is high here and it can get up to 4000 mm per year. Leaves are equipped with drip tips to allow for the easy run off of water after a down pour.
The barks of most trees are also smooth to further facilitate the movement of water to the ground. The trees in the forest grow fast and compete with each other for sunlight. The trees grow very tall and very fast so they have specialized roots called buttress roots that can support them. These roots spread out to support tall trees.
The dense vegetation of the forest prevents much plants from growing under the canopy of the trees. A small number of plant however can survive in this low light environment. The plant that grow under the canopy have large, dark green leaves to make use of the little light that passes through.
Answer:
Compound.
Explanation:
If a molecule consists of 2 or more elements its a compound.
Interbreeding species concept-species concepts is not very useful in defining plant species because some plant groups readily hybridize with other plant groups. The biological species concept holds that organisms are members of a common species if they can interbreed and result in live, fertile offspring. Prezygotic and postzygotic obstacles separate species from one another and prevent mating or the development of viable, fertile offspring. New species emerge through a process called speciation. It happens when populations of a species diverge and become reproductively isolated. When groups from an ancestral population undergo allopatric speciation, it is because of a period of geographic isolation that they diverge into distinct species. When groups from the same ancestral population evolve into distinct species, there is no geographical separation.
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Answer and Explanation:
a. Why would such a heat-stable polymerase be beneficial in PCR?
- Because in PCR, DNA is heated up 95 °C to denature DNA (see first figure)
b. What would happen if it weren’t heat stable?
- If it weren't heat stable we had to add it in every PCR cycle and please note that PCR can take 20 to 35 cycles. Imagine being researcher that you need to open 20 small tubes every 5 minutes and add polymerase enzyme into these tubes for 20 to 35 times. It is very labor intensive and Taq polymerase relives the researchers from this work.
c. How might you choose a region of DNA for a PCR primer so as to increase the temperature necessary for primer annealing (to minimize nonspecific PCR products)?
- You need to calculate melting temperature (Tm) of your primers and use the calculated values to prevent non specific bindings. Primers usually binds non-specifically if the low annealing temperature is used (lower than 5 °C of your Tm value)
d. A PCR reaction begins with 5 double stranded segment of DNA. Estimate the number of double-stranded copies of DNA that are present after the completion of 15 amplification cycles?
In every amplification cycle copies of DNA are doubled. So the answer is 5 x 2^15.
