They are called ATPase pump. they pump sodium ions out of the cells and potassium into
it involved in the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another.
You are right :) a hypothesis is just what you think is going to happen and a theory is where you explain everything about it(or you try to anyway)
Since you provided no answer choices, I will assume the correct answer choice is ANCESTOR. A cladogram begins with a common ancestor of all the organisms represented above.