Rolling two six-sided dice: Each die has 6 equally likely outcomes, so the sample space is 6 • 6 or 36 equally likely outcomes. Flipping three coins: Each coin has 2 equally likely outcomes, so the sample space is 2 • 2 • 2 or 8 equally likely outcomes.
She was given 12 quarters. When she had 6x as many quarters in her bank, she had 24 quarters in it. When she had 9x as many, she had 36 quarters in it. 36-24 is 12.