'Formal' learning is described as the learning procedure which involves intentional and purposeful learning from the trained teachers or instructors in an organized and systematic manner.
As per the question, the description provided here exemplifies 'formal' learning as the 'ballet student learns from a trained instructor' who would teach him in a structured way with certain consciously specified objectives. Thus, <u>option B</u> is the correct answer.
Robert has copied all the words from someone else's speech and he has placed himself in the role of the real author. He has not used quotations or any attribution, so this sort of plagarism is known as direct. Robert has taken someone else's words an ideas as if these were his own. This is acdemically wrong and unethical.
