The Freedmen's Bureau was created by Congress in 1865 that was the first primitive welfare agency that provided food, clothing, medical care, and education to the newly freed African Americans and white refugees. It was also the first to establish schools for African Americans to learn how to read.
The Europeans brought diseases with them, including smallpox and measles. These unfamiliar diseases spread quickly among Native Americans. They wiped out the populations of many native cities. ... To do so, they often fought Native American tribal nations for the land.
I think the answer is fertility and health but i could be wrong.