The early immune response to HIV-1 infection is likely to be an important factor in determining the clinical course of disease. Recent data indicate that the HIV-1 quasispecies that arise following a mucosal infection are usually derived from a single transmitted virus. Moreover, the finding that the first effective immune responses drive the selection of virus escape mutations provides insight into the earliest immune responses against the transmitted virus and their contributions to the control of acute viraemia. Strong innate and adaptive immune responses occur subsequently but they are too late to eliminate the infection. In this Review, we discuss recent studies on the kinetics and quality of early immune responses to HIV-1 and their implications for developing a successful preventive HIV-1 vaccine.
Seismology. Example:
Then there was the development of seismology, the study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies, in the early 20th century
Centromeres split apart during anaphase.
spindle fibers pull the to sister chromatids apart.
Answer:
tRNA
Explanation:
The anticodon is located in the Anticodon arm of the molecule of tRNA, while the codons are located in the molecule of DNA and mRNA. The anticodon is complementary to the respective codon, and the codon in the mRNA is complementary to a nucleotide triplet from a certain gene in the DNA.
Answer:
The 1st child will surely have AA,The 2nd might have AB/OB and the last one will surely have OB
Explanation:
I studied at school like 2 yrs ago
I am sure
