Answer:
Taxonomy may be defined as the branch of biology that mainly deals with the classification, arrangement and nomenclature of the organism. Organism are classified into the different taxa depending on their similarities and differences.
The shared characters may be defined as the characters that are share among the two lineages. As given in the question, the two humps that are present on the bottom end of Pakicetus ankle bone is the shared distinguish character with the other ungulates that are even toed.
The cytoplasm is a fluid substance that fills every living cell which is enclosed by the cell membrane. This substance is mainly composed of water and proteins.
The functions that take place within the eukaryotic cytoplasm are diverse:
- Location for most metabolic pathways. Except for the metabolic pahtways in cell nucleus and cytoplasmatic organelles, all metabolic functions (e.g., synthesis of biomolecules, growth, etc) occur in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm contain enzymes (i.e., proteins) to carry out different chemical reactions.
- Location for organelles that house many of the metabolic pathways for the cell. For example, the synthesis of ATP (the energy coin of the cells) is carried out in the mitochondria, which are organelles found in the cytoplasm.
- Location for the cytoskeleton that gives integrity to the cell. The cytoplasm contains all of the three types of filaments of the cytoskeleton (i.e., microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments) which provides structural support to the cells.
On the other hand, in plant cells, the cell wall is located outside the cell membrane.
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Answer:
D
Explanation:
Addition of hydroxide ions will decrease its acidity and make it more basic.
Answer:
The correct answer is C) gene flow
Explanation:
The biological species concept defines what is a species. It says that a species is a group of individuals in a population that interbreed with each other. So there should be gene flow between the members of the population to come under species.
Appearance does not define that two individual are of same species because even different species can look same for example Western meadowlarks and eastern meadowlarks looks identical to each other but they do not interbreed so there is no gene flow between them so they are not same species.
Therefore the primary criteria for determining species boundaries is gene flow.
