Answer:
1. No par common stock is issued.
- I) INCREASE STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY SINCE COMMON STOCK ACCOUNT WILL INCREASE. 
2. Treasury stock is sold at cost for cash (assume the cost method).
- I)  INCREASE STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY SINCE TREASURY STOCK IS A CONTRA EQUITY ACCOUNT THAT REDUCES TOTAL EQUITY, AND SINCE THE STOCKS WERE HOLD, EQUITY WILL INCREASE. 
3. Treasury shares of preferred stock are purchased (assume the cost method).
- D)  DECREASE STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY SINCE TREASURY STOCK IS A CONTRA EQUITY ACCOUNT THAT REDUCES TOTAL EQUITY. 
4. A payment date occurs for a cash dividend.
- NE) NO EFFECT ON EQUITY, SINCE EQUITY HAD ALREADY DECREASED ON THE DAY THAT THE DIVIDENDS WERE DECLARED. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Several low-risk portfolios With the higher returns:
- Municipal Bonds.
- Credit Card Rewards.
- Annuities.
- Savings Bonds.
- Cash Value Life Insurance.
- Bank Bonuses.
Explanation:
- Municipal Bonds: Municipal bonds are loans made to local authorities by the creditors. Cities, territories, districts, or other municipalities.
- Credit card rewards: Point incentives are given based on each amount you invest-one point per dollar, for example. Usually, points can be exchanged for products in the online shopping store of the incentive scheme.
- Annuities: Annuities are insurance contracts that pledge either instantly or in the future to pay you a steady income. You may purchase a lump sum annuity or a sequence of installments.
- Saving bonds: Savings Bonds are US circulated treasury tools. Treasury Department to help pay for the spending requirements of the U.S. government. They are priced at face value.
- Cash-value life insurance: Cash value protection is long term life insurance since it provides cover for the existence of the policyholder. Cash value insurance historically has lower premiums than term life insurance because of the cash value factor.
- Bank Bonuses: Bank rewards are monetary incentives anytime you opening a new deposit or checking account. You would have to set up paper checks with the bank to hold the profile up for at least a couple of years to apply for this one-time bonus.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Car loan, Student loan, Home loan are examples of necessary loans.
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Answer:
.b. it forces firms to internalize the external cost of emissions
Explanation:
 A carbon tax is a fee imposed by the government on any firm that burns fossil fuels. Fossils most used by firms include gasoline, coal, oil, and natural gases. Burning of these fossils emits greenhouses gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, which creates global warming by heating the atmosphere. 
A carbon tax forces enterprises to pay for the harsh effects of global warming on society.  If the tax is set at a high rate, it deters firms from burning fossils.  Companies adopt environmentally friendly production processes to avoid the carbon tax.