The one that is caused by the modification of density-independent factors is : parasitic wasp invade cocoons, killing caterpillars
Density independent factors refer to occurrences that limit the number of a specific population
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Answer: Option 'd' is correct.
Explanation:
Since we have given that
Number of fish caught = 100
Number of tagged fish in catch = 24
So, total number of the fish in the pond is given by
Number of fish caught + Number of tagged fish in catch
=100 +24
= 124
So, the best estimate to find the number of fish in the pond is 124.
Hence, Option 'd' is correct.
Some impacts/after-effects include tidal flooding, habitat destruction, extreme weather, pest propagation, and heat waves