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nadya68 [22]
3 years ago
15

One character in peas that Mendel studied was yellow versus green seeds.

Biology
1 answer:
weqwewe [10]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Mendel was an Austrian monk whose researches laid the foundation of genetics. The experiments conducted by Mendel led him to the foundation of two laws which are named as the law of segregation and law of independent assortment.

According to the law of segregation, the two alleles of a gene segregate during the time of gamete formation and there are 50-50% chances of each of the alleles to be received by the gametes. Hence, there are 50% chances for Y gametes to be produced and 50% chances for y gametes to be produced.

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How did the work of farmers and breeders in England influence the work of Charles darwin
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Artificial selection - The intervention of humans ensures that only individuals with the most desirable traits produce more offspring

- Farmers only breed the livestock that produce the most food..... Cow, Chicken, plant with the most vegetables

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3 years ago
What kinds of scientific investigations do not involve observations
Eduardwww [97]
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4 0
2 years ago
Consider a species of sparrow that originally lived only in Alaska but recently expanded its range through North America, then C
Shtirlitz [24]

Answer:

North America is the one with the highest heterozygosity frequency for most loci, followed by Central America, and finally, South America with the lowest heterozygosity level.  

Explanation:

Some different forces or mechanisms might alter H-W equilibrium and lead to evolution, such as mutation, natural selection, migration, and genetic drift.

In the exposed example, we have a species of sparrow that migrates from Alaska to North America. Migration is unidirectional, which means that the movement occurs in only one direction: from Alaska to North America. We should also consider that the first immigrants colonized the area for the first time, meaning that there was not a receiving population of the same species already established. Finally, we need to consider that Alaska´s environmental conditions are very different from North America´s environmental conditions.

When a species arrives at a new place, it needs to adapt. The establishment and dispersion of the species in the new area depend on previous adaptation. So, when the firsts sparrow individuals arrived in North America, they faced new environmental conditions that acted as selective pressures that drove to the occurrence of mutations. A mutation implicates a stable and inheritable change in the genetic material. A mutation introduces changes, new alleles in the population, variability. But mutation rates are very low and have no evolutive direction, so they need another force to increase or decrease the mutant allelic frequencies. Natural selection benefits new advantageous alleles and transmits them to new generations changing their relative frequencies. <em>So, sparrows arrive in North America, mutated, and natural selection favored the beneficial mutations leading to a better adaptation to the environment.</em> This means that the heterozygosity level in this new recent population is very high.

As animals adapt to the new habitat and have better dispersal genes, they get to disperse even more. So they start new migration south, to Central America and South America. Again, they are moving to new regions with new conditions, and to establish they need to suffer new adaptations. But remember that we are talking about a recent event in time. Probably the animals migrating south are just a few.  They have not spent enough time yet in the new area, to adapt to the new environment and to include new genes into their population. What is even more, as they are a small new population moving south, they are more vulnerable to genetic drift events. Genetic drift acts on a population decreasing the variability between individuals, hence, decreasing the heterozygosity. <em>This small population suffers low mutation, has not enough time to establish, and is more vulnerable to genetic drift events.</em> The heterozygosity level is probably inferior to North America´s one.

Comparing the three areas, we could say that North America is the one with the highest heterozygosity frequency, followed by Central America, and finally, South America with the lowest level of heterozygosity.

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