Answer:
Probability is the chance that a given event will occur. The principle of probability allows us to predict the possible combinations of phenotypes in a genetic cross by using a diagram called Punnett squares. This diagram represents alleles and gives us the genetic variations formed during a cross. For example, a flower has one dominant allele for a blue color, which is represented by capital T, and one recessive allele for a pink color, which is represented by small t. When this flower is crossed with another flowering plant with the same type of alleles, which is Tt, the combinations produced for their offspring includes TT, Tt, tT, and tt.
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Germ layer is a primary layer of cells found in the embryo. The three primary germ layers that generate most of the cells in the developing mammalian forelimb are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Ectoderm forms the outer component of a mammalian body such as skin, hair, etc. Endoderm forms the inner layer that comprises of the linings of digestive system, lungs and thyroid. Mesoderm is the middle layer that forms the skeletal system, heart, etc.
Neural tube is generated by the inward folding of the ectoderm. This process is called neurulation. Ectoderm also forms neural crest.
Answer:
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