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Answer:
Option 1: Eukaryotic DNA can be highly packaged in condensed chromatin and inaccessible to transcription factors and RNA polymerase.
Explanation:
A process in which chromatin is rearranged in such a way that it comes in a state ready to began the transcription is known as Chromatin remodeling.
Basically, what happens during chromatin remodeling is chromatin changes from a condensed state into a suitable state to begin transcription, in which DNA binding proteins and transcription factors have access to bind to the DNA and start the process of transcription or gene expression smoothly.
Significance of chromatin remodeling:
- The process of chromatin remodeling holds immense importance in the expression of genes because if this remodeling will not occur, the most important gene expression controlling factors would not be able to access DNA and start transcription. Therefore, chromatin remodeling must has to be the first step in gene activation.
- When chromatin is tightly packed,it is referred to as heterochromatin. But when chromatin becomes loose and accessible for transcription it is referred to as euchromatin (please see attached figure for a better understanding).
- Once heterochromatin is changed into euchromatin, the process of transcription begins and makes it possible for the expression of genes in a timely and coordinated fashion.
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