Let

, where

and let

be any real constant.
Given this definition of scalar multiplication, we can see right away that there is no identity element

such that

because
Answer:
2 years
Step-by-step explanation:
Let B = age on Ben
and age of Izzy =I
B =4I
B = 6+I
Gives 6+I = 4I
6 = 3I
I =2 years and B = 4x2 = 8years
Age of Izzy = 2 years
17/3. 5 times 3 is 15. Add the 2 from the numerator to get 17/3
Answer:
L = ∫₀²ᵖⁱ √((1 − sin t)² + (1 − cos t)²) dt
Step-by-step explanation:
Arc length of a parametric curve is:
L = ∫ₐᵇ √((dx/dt)² + (dy/dt)²) dt
x = t + cos t, dx/dt = 1 − sin t
y = t − sin t, dy/dt = 1 − cos t
L = ∫₀²ᵖⁱ √((1 − sin t)² + (1 − cos t)²) dt
Or, if you wish to simplify:
L = ∫₀²ᵖⁱ √(1 − 2 sin t + sin²t + 1 − 2 cos t + cos²t) dt
L = ∫₀²ᵖⁱ √(3 − 2 sin t − 2 cos t) dt
Answer: .97
Step-by-step explanation: