Answer:
R is an abbreviation for radical, when the term radical applied to a portion of a complete molecule (not necessarily a free radical), such as a methyl group.
Population , we breath , you breath CO2 is increasing , so stop breathing and die somewhere lol. (ok just kidding)
They are the first species that could live on dry ground.
The possible result of the founder effect would be loss of genetic variation. The reason why this is so is because by definition, the founder effect is often considered to be the cause for a essened genetic variation in a specie or a certain area where organisms thrive.
Yes this is true sort of like when light rays pass through water particles in the atmosphere and create a rainbow :)