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2 years ago

Place the 4 steps of biofilm formation, listed below, in the correct order.

Biology

1 answer:

makvit [3.9K]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

1. Surface (substratum) is preconditioned by environment molecules.

4. Microbes attach and detach from the preconditioned surface.

2.Quorum sensing and the establishment of the extracellular matrix commences as microbes attach more stably.

3. Biofilm matures and some microorganisms escape to the plank-tonic state.

Explanation:

Biofilm is a process in which microorganism irreversibly attach and grow on the surface to produce extra cellular polymers that facilitate formation of matrix. The biofilm process takes three days for the formation after which thickness of plaque increases. There are 4 main steps in biofilm formation. Surface is preconditioned by environment molecules. The microbes attach the preconditioned surface. Establishment of extra cellular matrix and finally biofilm matures.

You might be interested in

Why do identical twins have some DIFFERENCES?

o-na [289]

Answer:

B. Different genes are expressed due to their environment.

Explanation:

I think it's this one because it makes the most sense, but I'm still not sure sorry

7 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Which word equation summarizes the dehydration of a carbohydrate?

amm1812

Answer:

The word Glycosydic linkage summarizes the dehydration of carbohydrate.

Explanation:

Dehydration means elimination of water. During glycosydic linkage two Monosaccharides are linked with each other by the elimination of one molecule of water.

For exam in maltose two glucose molecules are linked with each other in which the -OH group of C4 atom of one glucose molecule interact with the -OH group of C1 carbon of another glucose molecule resulting in the formation of Alpha 1,4 glycosydic bond.

3 0

3 years ago

Write a 600 word report discussing nuclear reactors. The report should include a description of the way a reactor works and the

barxatty [35]

Answer:

Explanation:

A nuclear reactor is an installation capable of initiating, maintaining and controlling the chain fission reactions that take place in the reactor core, consisting of the fuel, coolant, control elements, structural materials and moderator in the case of nuclear thermal reactors.

The core is the part of the reactor where the nuclear chain reaction is produced and maintained.

Components of the core:

The fuel of a nuclear reactor is fissionable material.

Control rod beams provide a rapid means of controlling the nuclear reaction, allowing rapid changes in reactor power and eventual shutdown in case of emergency.

The neutrons produced in fission have a high energy in the form of velocity. Their speed should be reduced to increase the probability of other atoms fissioning and not to stop the chain reaction. This is achieved by elastic collisions of the neutrons with the nuclei of the moderator.

Most of the energy released by fission is in the form of heat. To be able to use this, a refrigerant must pass through the interior of the reactor that absorbs and transports this heat.

In a nuclear chain reaction, a certain number of neutrons tend to escape from the region where it is produced. This neutron leakage can be minimized by the existence of a reflecting medium, thus increasing the efficiency of the reactor.

When the reactor is in operation, a large amount of radiation is generated. Protection is needed to isolate the installation workers from radiation caused by fission products. Therefore, a biological shield is placed around the reactor to intercept these emissions.

A breeder reactor is a nuclear reactor that generates more fissile material in the fuel than it consumes. Considered highly attractive because of their superior fuel economy: a normal reactor consumes less than 1% of the natural uranium that starts the fuel cycle, while a 'breeder' can burn it almost completely. It also generates less waste for the same amounts of energy. Breeders can be designed to use thorium, which is more abundant than uranium. Currently, there is renewed interest in both breeder designs due to the increased price of natural uranium.

All commercial reactors breed fuel, but they have low (though still significant) breeding ratios when compared to machines that are traditionally considered breeders. In recent years, the commercial energy industry has been emphasizing high burn fuels, which last longer in the core of the reactor.

Reproduction of fissile fuel is a common feature in reactors, but commercial reactors are not optimized for this feature which is referred to as improved burning. Up to one-third of all electricity produced in the current U.S. reactor inventory comes from reproducible fuel, and the industry is working hard to increase that percentage over time.

The advantages are:

Generates a large amount of electricity

No production of greenhouse gases

Dependence on oil is reduced

Less damage to the environment

A major disadvantage is the difficult management of the nuclear waste generated.

Nuclear power plants have a limited lifetime. The investment for the construction of a nuclear plant is very high.

4 0

3 years ago

Most of a cell's molecules can be classified as belonging to one of four major classes: lipids, carbohydrates, nucleotides, or a

goblinko [34]

Answer:

Diagram, in attachments

Explanation:

From the left side of the screen to the right,that is from a structure with a sugar structure with two other molecules attached to it.

The first molecular structure is Nucleotides. Reasons it contains the middle ribose sugar(5-carbon)connected to the phosphate group and Nitrogenous bases.This is the structure of nucleotides and when this is joined by phosphodiester bond between one a nucleotide, to the phosphate group of another nucleotide molecule it forms a nucleic acid molecule.

The second structure from left to right with long carbon chains, it is a lipid.That js an Ester formed from the reaction of fatty acids with alcohol glycerol.

However, the presence of Phophate group in structure makes it different from a normal tryglycerides.The phosphate group has replaced one of the the three fatty acid molecules.Therefore it is called Phospholipid.With one hydropholic ends(phosphate ends) and the hyrophobic end the carbon chain,with one unsaturated. The lipids molecules are held together my ester bonds.

The next structure is the protein structure(dipeptide).Genrally amino acid is made up of the central Alpha carbon connected on the right by the Carbonyl group(coo-) on the left by the Amine(NH2) group.The R-group which determines the type of amino acids and hyrdogen atom.In the above structure condensation reaction has occurred between the hydrogen atom of the amine group and carbonyl group of the other amino unit to form a dipeptide.The bond formed from the condensation is the peptide bond.

The last structure on the far right are the carbohydrate -ring structure and the straight chains.The functional groups of the CHO -Carbonyl group and hydroxyl group are glues to this.

3 0

3 years ago

If you have a hamster with long fur, what possible genotypes could the hamster have?

Vadim26 [7]

Answer:

Ll, Ll, LL

Explanation:

So, there is one thing we must remember to answer this:

1# dominant genes(long fur) are expressed over reccesive genes(short fur)

Knownign that dominant is over reccesive, it is simple. If the genotype was Ll or lL then the dominant long fur would be expressed over reccesive short fur. <u>Long fur - Ll, lL</u>

Next, we know that LL will be long fur since its both long and long, and there is no possibility for short fur. <u>Long fur - LL</u>

Finally. we have ll, and since there isnt a dominant long fur, and only reccesvie short, then this cannot be long fur. Short fur. - ll

8 0

2 years ago