Answer:
c. they enter an electron transport chain.
Explanation:
The chlorophyll in leaves of plants undergoing photosynthesis is made up of two pigments ; these are the primary pigments and the accessory pigments. The latter are arranged around the primary pigments. These two pigments are arranged in chlorophyll to form photo systems i and ii. The photosystems serves as the reaction centers of chloroplast. <u>Basically the accessory pigment absorbs photons of energy and sends this to the primary pigments.</u>
When photons of light is absorbed by the chlorophyll of the leaf. The electrons in the chlorophyll are excited, and therefore move to higher energy levels. At this stage they are said to be activated. This process is called Photoactivation.
However, instead of the excited electrons to return to the photo- systems so that the acquired energy is lost as heat to the surroundings, these electrons are trapped by electron acceptors and are passed to the electron transport chains. These chains of electrons generate proton motive force PMF, for pumping protons across the thylakoid membranes , down into the thylakoid for the synthesis of ATPs by ATPase synthase; through Chemiosmosis.
The ATP is needed in Calvin's Cycle for Carbohydrates synthesis.
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. This process starts with the mitotic division of the stem cells located close to the basement membrane of the tubules. These cells are called spermatogonial stem cells. These develop into mature spermatozoa, also known as sperm cells. (1) Thus, the primary spermatocyte gives rise to two cells, the secondary spermatocytes, and the two secondary spermatocytes by their subdivision produce four spermatozoa.(2)Spermatozoa are the mature male gametes in many sexually reproducing organisms. Thus, spermatogenesis is the male version of gametogenesis, of which the female equivalent is oogenesis. In mammals it occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the male testes in a step-wise fashion. Spermatogenesis is highly dependent upon optimal conditions for the process to occur correctly, and is essential for sexual reproduction.
Antibiotics cannot kill viruses because bacteria and viruses have different mechanisms and machinery to survive and replicate the antibiotic has no “target” to attack in a virus however antiviral medications and vaccines are specific for viruses
Answer:
In all of these the carrying capacity would go down substantially
Explanation:
This is because these natural disasters are very detrimental to the environments and would decrease life.
Answer: B. species of crab is living and reproducing successfully near hot hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, while other crab species are unable to survive there.
Explanation: This species of crab <em>adapted</em> to their given habitat, while other couldn’t.