If a mutation occurs in the genes of reproductive cells (gametes) that mutation is termed a germinal mutation. <span>Germinal mutations usually are not expressed in the individual containing the mutation, but gametes that carry the mutation will pass it on to the offspring. So, we say that the germinal mutations are hereditary mutations, inherited from a parent and present in every somatic and germline cell in the offspring.</span>
Answer:
Genetic Engineering also known as genetic modification are techniques used to transfer genes from the cells of a donor organism to those of a recipient.
One example is the formation of golden rice. 3 types of genes are added. Two come from daffodils and one from a bacterium, together forming beta-carotene, the chemical which give carrots their colour hence the name 'golden rice'. This is an advantage in LEDCs as beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A, which could save the eyesight of millions of children.
Another example are bananas. The genes that produce antigens to a certain disease are taken and transferred to bananas. The antigens contained in the banana will stimulate an immune response. This has successfully prevented diseases, and it will not be necessary to get needles stuck in you. This can be a very efficient method of preventing diseases in countries that has bananas as their main source of calories.
Answer:
-toxins
-predator vs prey relationship
-competition
-New Habitat
-Disasters