<h2>
Atelectasis</h2>
Explanation:
Definition: A respiratory complication due to partial or complete collapse of a part of a lung or an entire lung. Lungs are filled with tiny air sacs termed alveoli. When alveoli are deflated due to alveolar fluid accumulation, collapse of the lung takes place. Due to deflation of air sacs, the lung volume decreases which leads to respiratory difficulties.
Etiology: Mucous plug, foreign body, tumor, chest trauma, pleural effusion, pneumonia, etc
Clinical manifestation: Shallow, rapid, difficult or labored breathing; wheezing or cough; pneumonia; dyspnea, pleuritic pain
Evaluation by: X-ray, chest CT scan, bronchoscopy, oximetry, thorax ultrasound
Medication: Include
- Bronchodilators to induce sputum expectoration and provide lung ventilation
- Antibiotics in case of any infection
- Other medications depending upon the underlying medical condition if any
- Treatments like incentive spirometry, CPAP, chest physiotherapy, postural drainage etc can be done to treat atelectasis.
