Muslims were harassing Christians in the Holy Land.
- The Muslim Seljuk Empire was conquering Anatolia at the time Pope Urban II sent the letter, in 1095, and posing a danger to the Byzantine Empire's eastern frontier. The Byzantines, who were Orthodox Christians, asked the Catholic pope for assistance because they were worried that the Seljuks may take control of their city, Constantinople. Additionally, the persecution of European trade caravans searching for eastern spices and Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land by Turkish Seljuk armies in Anatolia caused the Christian Europeans concern.
- Pope Urban II regarded this as a chance to put a stop to feuds between European kingdoms and to extend the reach of his political influence. He thus urged every Christian to come together in holy land.
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It is "<span>Waterways provided cheap transportation of goods."
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Answer:
the english reformation occured because of Henry VIII's need for a male heir. He wished for an annulment for his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, but the pope refused to give it to him for political reasons. Henry then split from the Catholic church, creating his own church, the church of england, or the Anglican Church.
Gaining help from foreign nations such as Britain. They hoped that their need for cotton would cause them to assist. They believed cotton is king.
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