Answer:
Increase interest deductions for the limited partners.
Explanation:
In the given scenario the general partner refinances an existing $5,000,000 mortgage on a $10,000,000 property to the original amount of $8,000,000. The interest rate on both mortgages is the same.
Refinancing a loan means that more money is disbursed to the borrower before the termination of the loan.
When a loan is refinanced at the same interest rate the borrower pays more interest.
For example if the mortgage remains at $5,000,000 the interest paid on this principal will be lower.
When the loan is refinanced to $8,000,000 at the same Interest rate the interest paid will be higher because principal is higher.
So the general partner aims to increase the amount of interest paid.
In order to properly tackle this problem, we must understand the relationship between the nominal annual rate and real (effective) annual rate.
To do this:
-First you take the nominal rate, divide by the number of times it's compounded (converted) per year.
-Then, add one to that number, and raise that number to the power of how many times you compound per year.
Here is the method in practice:
First 3 Years:
Nominal rate= 2% ÷ 12 times/yr = 0.001667
Effective rate = 1.001667 ^12 = 1.020184
Next 2 Years (Discounting)
3% ÷ 2/yr = .015
1.015 ^ 2 = 1.061364
Next 4 years (Interest)
.042 ÷ .5 (once every 2 years) = .084
1.084 ^ (1/2) = 1.041153
The last 3 years are already expressed as an effective rate, so we don't need to convert them. The annual rate is:
1.058
I kept the 1 in the numbers (1.058 instead of 5.8% for example) so that it's easier to find the final number
Take every relevant number and raise it to the power of the number of years it's compounded for. For discounting, raise it to a negative power.
First 3 years: 1.020184 ^ 3 = 1.061784
Next 2 years: 1.030225 ^ -2 = .942184
Next 4 years: 1.041163 ^ 4 = 1.175056
Last 3 years: 1.058 ^ -3 = .84439
Multiply these numbers (include all decimals when you do this calculation)
1.062 * .942 * 1.175 * .844 = .992598
This is our final multiplier to find the effect on our principal:
.992598 * 2,480 = 2461.64
Answer is 2461.64
According to classical macroeconomic theory and monetary neutrality, changes in the money supply affect the GDP deflator
A measure of inflation in the prices of goods and services produced in the United States, including exports. The GDP deflator, though calculated differently, reflects the GDP price index very well. The GDP deflator is used by some companies to adjust payments for contracts.
GDP deflator = nominal GDP / real GDP * 100
Other price indexes such as CPI and GDP deflators are not formed in fixed baskets of goods and services. The basket changes each year depending on the investment and consumption patterns of the people of the year.
The GDP deflator is an essential indicator of the economy and helps to compare the year-to-year rise in price levels of goods and services. Unlike the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the GDP deflator allows comparisons across multiple time periods without using the base year as a constant or specific commodity basket.
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The underwriting unit, when considering risk factors for individual and group disability insurance, will review the "carrier history" of the group. The factors might the underwriters consider are stability, longevity, and price shopping.
Some major financial organizations, including banks, insurance companies, and investment firms, offer underwriting (UW) services, in which they guarantee payment in the event of harm or financial loss and accept the financial risk for responsibility resulting from such guarantee.
In a number of circumstances, such as insurance, security concerns in a public offering, and bank loans, an underwriting arrangement may be established. The underwriter is the person or organization that consents to sell a minimum quantity of the company's securities in exchange for a commission.
Once an underwriting agreement has been reached, the underwriter is responsible for the cost of keeping the underlying securities on its books while also taking on the risk of not being able to sell them.
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