The first thing we must do is to build the expression based on what we are told in the enunciation: Jermaine has t subway tokens: t Karen has 4 more subway tokens than Jermaine t + 4 Raul has 5 fewer subway tokens than Jermaine t + 4 - 5 = t -1 the ratio of Karen's tokens to Raul's tokens Ratio: (t + 4) / (t-1) answer Ratio: (t + 4) / (t-1)