Guilds performed a variety of important functions in the local economy. They established a monopoly of trade in their locality or within a particular branch of industry or commerce; they set and maintained standards for the quality of goods and the integrity of trading practices in that industry; they worked to maintain stable prices for their goods and commodities; and they sought to control town or city governments in order to further the interests of the guild members and achieve their economic objectives.
"<span>D. getting detention for cutting class" is not a government process, even if the class being skipped is in a public school. The decision to give detention is made by teachers and school administrators. </span>
Answer would be D)abolition
Out of the following options, the option that is least in line with his beliefs and he was promoting with his psychodynamic thought of the mental life, is C - mental illness is caused by injory to the body or brain.
Such a view of mental illness became much more prominent in later decades, when much more was known about how the brain works and how the body is connected to it.