To combat and prevent Protestantism from spreading the Roman Inquisition, Pope Paul III established the Congregation of the Inquisition, also known as the Congregation of the Holy Office, in 1542.
The correct answers to fill in the blanks in the question are: heresy for the first blank, and Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Explanation:
The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, also known around the 1500´s as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, was founded for the first time in 1542, by Pope Paul III, in response both to the birth of Protestantism and other pernicious sects and doctrines that went against the Church, and to protect the faithful from heresy and to spread the Catholic doctrine. This Congregation later on became known as the Holy Office, and between 1908 and 1965, was named as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office.
