Answer:
The correct answer is (b): Individuals with certain advantageous traits are selected, in the sense that they produce the most offspring.
Explanation:
Natural selection can cause a change in allele frequencies over time, making the best alleles, those better adapted, more common in the population over generations.
This is called Fitness, and it refers to how many offspring organisms of a particular genotype or phenotype leave in the next generation, relative to others in the group.
Natural selection can act on different alleles of a single gene, or on polygenic traits.
Natural selection can shift phenotype distributions in three ways:
-Stabilizing selection: Intermediate phenotypes are more fit than
extreme ones, e.g. camouflage.
-Directional selection: One extreme phenotype is more fit than all the
others, e.g. are more hidden in shadow and survive better than other
types.
-Disruptive selection: Both extreme phenotypes are more fit than those
in the middle, e.g. mimesis on octopuses.
I hope it helps!
