Nigeria, an ex-British colony had an independence date that was heralded by the discovery and gradual exploitation of oil in commercial quantity in 1956 and 1958 respectively at Oloibiri. The discovery of this product (black gold) in a number of other nations like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Libya among others has contributed immensely to the social, political and economic growth of those nations. For Nigeria, available daily production data shows that the nation has equally earned over $760 billion from the export and sales of crude oil. Paradoxically, this huge revenue profile has not positively impacted upon the lives and environment of majority of Nigerians as is the case in Kuwait, Libya and others, rather most of it have been siphoned into foreign accounts by corrupt government officials. To worsen matters, for more than forty years now, all other sources of revenue earnings have been virtually a bandoned. The political class has constantly fallen on one another, fighting over how the foreign revenue accruing from the sales of crude oil should be shared.
1. Scissors/Needles
2. Beads and Stones
3. Embroidery Hoops
4. Woven Fabric
5. Embroidery Floss
Solution :
a). The path from mouth to the duodenum is :
Oral cavity ---- Oropharynx ---- Laryngopharynx ---- Esophagus ---- lower esophageal sphincter --- Stomach ---- Pyloric sphincter ---- Duodenum.
b). The digestive functions of the organs are :
ORAL CAVITY
The saliva in the oral cavity or the mouth keeps the mouth mist and it helps in food digestion. The salivary amylase converts the stretch into the maltose.
STOMACH
The stomach produces acidic pH and it helps to break the proteins in the food by the enzyme, Pepsinogen.
DUODENUM
In the duodenum, the chyme is mixed with the enzyme, bile and the pancreatic juice which helps in digestion.
c). In the gastroesophageal reflux, the lower sphincter does not function properly and that is why the gastric content that contains the acid and the pepsin regurgitate into the end of lower esophageal. This area is not an acid resistant, so the ulceration takes place.
d). Elevation of a head-end of the patient's bed, so that the gravity stops in the upward motion of the esophageal contents. The potent acid inhibiting agents like the Omeprazole.
