These projections on a pattern create additional cavities in a mold that are used to locate and anchor cores. Both the projections and the created cavities are called core print.
According to my research on different mold creation methods, I can say that based on the information provided within the question this is known as something called a Core print. This is (like described in the question) an open space provided in the mold for locating, positioning and supporting the core.
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