Answer:
C-North Dakota and Michigan
Explanation:
It has to be 32’F or less to snow.
A hypothesis is a suggested explanation for an observable problem OR a reasoned prediction of a possible causal correlation among multiple problems. A theory is a tested and well substantiated and unifying explanation for a set of verified and proven factors.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is considered a cellular correlate of learning and memory. The presence of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels near excitatory synapses on dendritic spines suggests their possible involvement in synaptic plasticity. However, whether activity-dependent regulation of channels affects excitatory synaptic plasticity is unknown. In a companion article we have reported activity-dependent regulation of GIRK channel density in cultured hippocampal neurons that requires activity oF receptors (NMDAR) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and takes place within 15 min. In this study, we performed whole-cell recordings of cultured hippocampal neurons and found that NMDAR activation increases basal GIRK current and GIRK channel activation mediated by adenosine A(1) receptors, but not GABA(B) receptors. Given the similar involvement of NMDARs, adenosine receptors, and PP1 in depotentiation of LTP caused by low-frequency stimulation that immediately follows LTP-inducing high-frequency stimulation, we wondered whether NMDAR-induced increase in GIRK channel surface density and current may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying this specific depotentiation. Remarkably, GIRK2 null mutation or GIRK channel blockade abolishes depotentiation of LTP, demonstrating that GIRK channels are critical for depotentiation, one form of excitatory synaptic plasticity.
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Answer:
Plants and trees are the primary sources of food for a food chain or a food web. If the population of the primary producers reduces than it affects the whole food web. If the deciduous trees are destroyed due to a fire, there will be less food available for the primary predators. As a result, competition will begin between them and their population will decline. Due to this, the population of other organisms which fed on the primary consumers will also decline.
