Answer:
Transportation of substances in cells, where they travel against the concentration gradient. However, it requires ATP to do so.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Most of the cell surface receptors and glycoproteins. These glycoproteins have active sites that recognize specific signals, like hormones, that initiate secondary signaling pathways inside of the cell, in response to the external signal. This is how cells respond to environmental stimuli.
If a change in glycoproteins makes them unable to bind signaling molecules (like hormones) or makes them permanently bind these molecules, there will definitely be a defect in how the cell responds to external stimuli. The cell will be, for example, be unable to respond to insulin in case of elevated blood sugar levels as is the case with diabetics.
Learn More:
For more on glycoproteins check out;
brainly.com/question/11473349
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After the macrophage fails the Helper T Cell stimulates the B cells if pathogen is extracellular and Cytotoxic T Cells if the pathogen is intracellular. Once the pathogen is killed the B Cells create Memory B Cells and the Killer T Cells create memory T Cells.
