The last one. During the crusades, different foods and such were found, different goods were unlocked to europe, and different mathematic and scientific ideas were brought back as well.
If you're talking about WW2, it's the battle of Stalingrad.
If it's about WW1, it would probably be Verdun.
One of the Fourteen Points that's- at least- partially inspired the Lusitania was: <span>Freedom of the Seas
In the freedom of the seas, Joseph Kenworthy wrote that Lusitania was sent at a low speed to an area where a boat was waiting to torpedo her ship, causing Lusitania to sink and disappear within the depth of the ocean.</span>
The government created at the Constitutional Convention was similar in respect to the jurisdiction states obtained, branches of government (Judicial, Executive, Legislative). These were put in place to balance one another, they also added the concept of elections to be carried out to select government representatives. Furthermore, the adoption of Naturalization, and the ability to create more states. Hope that helps you...