Klinglers iron agar medium is used to find the enterobacteria which can ferment glucose , lactose and hydrogen Sulphide . They are H₂S producing bacteria .
This media have phenol red as an indicator. When the glucose is fermented to acid , the production of acid turn the indicator from red to yellow, but it is then reoxidised and turns red again . When lactose is fermented it produce large amount of acid , and turn indicator yellow . Hence the slant will become yellow.And combination of ferrous sulphate and sodium thiosulphate helps in detection of H₂S which produce black color at the butt .
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Refraction is an effect that occurs when a light wave, incident at an angle away from the normal, passes a boundary from one medium into another in which there is a change in velocity of the light. Light is refracted when it crosses the interface from air into glass in which it moves more slowly. Since the light speed changes at the interface, the wavelength of the light must change, too. The wavelength decreases as the light enters the medium and the light wave changes direction. We illustrate this concept in Figure 3 by representing incident light as parallel waves with a uniform wavelength . As the light enters the glass the wavelength changes to a smaller value '. Wave "a" passes the air/glass interface and slows down before b, c, or d arrive at the interface. The break in the wave-front intersecting the interface occurs when waves "a" and "b" have entered the glass, slowed down and changed direction. At the next wave-front in the glass, all four waves are now traveling with the same velocity and wavelength
The different barriers that you have to go through are the different organs of the immune system. These are the lymphoid organs, thymus, and bone marrow. The secondary wall that you have to go through are the lymphatic tissues which include the lymph nodes, adenoids, skin, liver, tonsils, spleen, and the lymph vessels.
At all times, these systems work hand-in-hand so that the body can protect itself in order for it to survive
Answer:
Non-coding DNA regions play important roles in regulating transcriptional activity by encoding different types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), acting as scaffold attachment regions, acting as enhancer specific regions, etc.
Explanation:
Historically, it had been believed that non-coding DNA sequences were 'junk DNA' since they don't encode for proteins (beyond the sequences that are transcribed into functional non-coding RNAs, i.e., transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA). However, in the last years, it has been shown that non-coding DNA sequences play critical roles in regulating gene expression and genome function. For example, evolutionary conserved non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with regulatory roles on gene expression such as, for example, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been mapped in non-coding DNA sequences, thereby evidencing the functional significance of these regions. In consequence, the conservative nature of certain non-coding DNA sequences evidence that mutations in such regions may have significant deleterious effects, and thereby they could have a negative impact on the fitness of the individual.
