B - A hoplite would alter their shield.
Their shield was made of wood, leather or bronze and could be decorated with inverted V-shape for the Spartan hoplites or the gorgon from Greek Mythology.
I think it means you either embrace greatness or resent it, but it could also mean Emotions like love, fear or even rage can fuel a person or destroy it.
John Calhoun argued that the 1828 tariff helped the North at the expense of the South (c). This was the case because the tariff bolstered Northerner industrial markets but required Southerners to pay more for manufactured good.