Critical rationalism was developed by Karl Popper in the middle of the 20th century. His premise is that society developed by solving problems through trial and error. Popper's ideal society is a society which is open to this form of problem-solving. False theories are perceived as false and rejected. Critical rationalism allows unfettered criticism as this form of criticism can lead to a genuine possibility of societal change; in short, an open society. These ideas also provide an opening for accessing philosophical ideas.
The Meiji Period in Japan is generally believed to last from 1868 to 1912 and was named after the emperor Meiji.
The era saw the Meiji Restoration take place, also known as Meiji Revolution, or Reform.
This saw the first formal consolidation of power in Japan and the development of a modern administration and standing army.
The Meiji Restoration saw a period of Japanese advancements in the fields of education, agriculture and technology. The Japanese understood that they were far behind Western Powers and would need to replicate their success in order to avoid being dominated by them.
Japan transformed from a mostly agrarian society into a modern country with skilled engineers and scientists.
This also greatly contributed towards the development of a capable Army.
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During the Gilded Age due to reconstruction, increased manufacturing, and share-cropping much wealthy during that time was in the hands of few people. The wealth allowed for corruption in the government from buying votes and unchecked champaign donations. The wealthy were able to buy the votes they wanted and sway government to their liking.
