The tone of the author in this passage from "When the birds get flu" can be described as caring.
<h3>What is the tone?</h3>
This refers to the general attitude of the author in a text when referring to the subject or topic the author describes. For example, a text about the pandemic might have a pessimistic or optimistic tone.
<h3>What is the tone in the excerpt?</h3>
This excerpt shows a rather caring tone, this is because the author seems to worry about the negative impact of the mad cow disease on farmers. This can be seen in excerpts such as:
- "the sad look on some owners’ faces"
- "the business they built from scratch was destroyed
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The <em>effective nuclear charge</em> is the difference between the atomic number an element and the shielding constant. Hence, the atom which experiences the greatest nuclear charge is Sulphur, S.
<u>Calculating the greatest effective nuclear charge</u>, :
- Z = Atomic number ; S = shielding constant
<u>For Magnesium, Mg</u>:
Z = 12
S = 10
<u>For Aluminium, Al</u>:
Z = 13
S = 10
For Sulphur, , S:
Z = 16
S = 10
Therefore, the atom whuch experience the greatest 
is Sulphur.
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The Functions of Schemas:
1. Schemas help us to quickly interpret and categorize information. They allow us to make sense of the world around us by organizing it into meaningful categories and providing us with a framework for understanding and interpreting new information.
Problems with Schemas:
1. Schemas can lead to oversimplification and premature closure. Once we have a schema in place, we may be inclined to assume that it is the only way to interpret a situation or to assume that all new information will fit into the same categories. This can lead to inaccurate interpretations or assumptions.
What is Schemas?
Schemas are mental structures that help organize and interpret information. They are used to interpret sensory information, organize memories, and make predictions about the future. Schemas provide a framework for understanding and interpreting the world around us. They influence the way we perceive, think, and act. Schemas are often developed through experience and can be used to guide behavior. They can also be used to understand how people create meaning in their lives. Schemas are constantly evolving and changing as we encounter new experiences. They help us make sense of the world around us and can be used to explain why people behave the way they do.
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The technique to improve internal validity is D) Addition of a control group.
<h3>What is
internal validity?</h3>
Internal validity serves as the study which bring about the establishment of a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship that can be found in treatment and an outcome.
it should be noted that Internal validity also helps to eliminate alternative explanations , hence, The technique to improve internal validity is D) Addition of a control group.
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COMPLETE QUESTOIN:
Which of the following is a technique to improve internal validity ____________?
A) Experimenter expectancy
B) Participant bias
C) Use of a confederate
D) Addition of a control group
