Answer:
The 13th Amendment.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Explanation: The 13th amendment stated that the only time American citizens could be enslaved was for punishment for a crime. This law had a particularly adverse effect on African Americans, as they were often wrongfully criminalized and incarcerated at a much higher rate. So in essence, they often remained slaves when they were incarcerated. Before the Civil War slave codes were implemented in the south to restrict the movement of slaves. These laws (for example) stopped slaves from gathering together in groups at churches, from bearing arms and from reading and writing. The idea was to perpetuate and maintain the system of slavery. After the war was over southerners passed Black Codes, which were laws that greatly restricted the lives of free Blacks. After slaves were free, southerners were upset and tried to put Black people back into a position that was as close to slavery as possible. The Black Codes would eventually evolve into Jim Crow laws, which was a system of laws that criminalized Blackness and insured they would be incarcerated and lose their freedom for the most minor of offenses. The primary thing Jim Crow laws did was enforce a system of legal segregation all throughout the south for many years. Its legacy still has a great impact on the US today.
Answer:
The Industrial revolution is what many consider to be what began the modern era of most European societies, but few people agree on an exact date when that revolution became manifest. Some connect that loosely with the revolutionary scientific discovery of Antoine Lavoisier in France, which proved, among other things, that alchemy was an impossibility. Others point to events around the American revolution, or the "Glorious Revolution" in England.
Still other opinions say that we only became truly modern with the advent of the atomic age or even the space age in the 1950s and '60s. In artistic terms, the end of World War 1 is used in western art and music as the general point after which artists are referred to as modern. In religious terms, however, opinions for the most part go much further than that. Modern Rabbinic Judaism, for example, usually refers to the development of the religion since the compilation of the Talmud, around the 6th Century CE.
In paleontological terms, "modern" could refer to the period of recorded history (up to about five or six thousand years ago), or up to the earliest specimen of Homo sapiens being found in Africa and the Fertile Crescent (up to 100,000 years agoor more).
Explanation:
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"<span>b. Wealthy merchants in northern Europe offered enormous sums of money to Renaissance artists who would reveal their secrets" was not a way in which this happened. Renaissance artists and thinkers were not secretive with their methods or ideals. </span>
It benefited in numerous ways but mainly it and maybe most importantly it gave them the access to the China trade. The Pacific route was also Spain's exclusively for a certain period of time and there was also a great need for silver in China which was supplied by the Spaniards from their silver mines.
The southern people wanted the slaves to be counted as state population because they wanted to have more votes in the south.
