E.O. is an 8-year-old girl with a history of asthma and allergy to bee stings. She has been brought to the clinic complaining of
a throat infection. Her health care provider prescribes a course of penicillin to manage her current infection and cautions her parents to watch her closely for a reaction.Analyze this case study and answer the next five questions that follow.Question 1. What type of reaction is the health care provider concerned about? (select all that apply)A.Anaphylactic reactionB.Type II hypersensitivity reactionC.Type I hypersensitivity reactionD.Type III hypersensitivity reactionWhich of the following is true about the role of IgE and mast cells in type I hypersensitivity reactions. (select all that apply)A. Degranulation of mast cells include release of histamine and other chemicals.B.Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are specific to a particular antigen. Memory T and B cells store the record of allergic exposures. With reexposure, larger quantities of antibodies are produced and the body reacts strongly and quickly.C.Mast cells with IgE receptors bind the Fc portion of an IgE antibody, making the mast cell responsive to particular allergens.D.Cross-linking of two IgE receptors to one allergen on mast cells causes an increase in intracellular calcium.Why might E.O. react adversely to the antibiotic with the first use? (select all that apply)A. E.O. has a high total IgE level due to other allergies leading to a reaction.B. E.O. has a low total IgE level due to other allergies leading to a reaction.C.Normally enough antibody is not produced with the first exposure to initiate a reaction. However, molecularly similar antigens from the environment may serve to sensitize a person and cause a reaction with the first use of the antibiotic.D.Normally enough antibody is produced with the first exposure leading to a reaction.What would you tell E.O.’s parents to look for when they are assessing for a reaction? (select all that apply)A.Reactions may include hives and localized swelling.B.Reactions usually occur within 15 to 30 minutes after exposure to the allergen.C.Reactions usually occur 24 hours after exposure to the allergen.D.Reactions may include wheezing, shortness of breath, tachycardia, and hypotension.What would you suggest the parents do if a reaction does occur? (select all that apply)A.Do not administer any more doses of antibiotic.B.Wait until the symptoms resolve without intervention.C.Take the child to the emergency department.D.Administer epinephrine hydrochloride (EpiPen).
1.What type of reaction is the health care provider concerned about and why?The health care provider concerned about the an IgE mediated allergic reaction. Inthe past, E.O. was given penicillin and had a sign of immune response to the drug.E.O. body has already produce Ig. E. If she uses the penicillin again, it may cause an increased allergic reaction. 2.Explain the role of IgE and mast cells in type I hypersensitivity reactions. Why might E.O. react adversely to the antibiotic with the first use?-The first exposure to an antigen causes B-lymphocytes to produce IgE-The second exposure to the same antigen causes cross links the IgE and mast cell degranulation and release of histamine, serotonin lead to rapid constriction of vessels and causing the hypersensitive reaction. -In the past, E.O.’s body had not produce the IgE immuglobin to penicillin. But at this point, her body is already produce it, and she might has some reaction to the drug. 3.What would you tell E.O.’s parents to look for when they are assessing for a reaction?Itching, angioedema, edema of larynx, uticaria, bronchospasms, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
The muscular dystrophy may be defined as the medical condition that leads to the weakening of the muscle and reduction in the muscle weight and loss of motor control.
The muscular dystrophy is the autosomal recessive disease. THis occur due to the mutation in the amino acids and arginine is replaced with histidine. The arginine pKa value is high whereas histidine pKa value is nearly upto 6-7. This disrupt the physiology of the proteins, disrupt its structure and result in the formation of misleading protein.
