<h2>
Answer:</h2>
Punishment (in behavior modification) appropriate to use immediately after a behavior, punishment is more likely to lead to a reduction in behavior if it immediately follows the behavior.
<h2><u>
Harmful effects :</u></h2><h3><u>Elicitation of undesirable emotional response and aggression :</u> </h3>
1) Punishment especially positive punishment in the form of aversive stimulation , may evoke aggressive behaviour with respondent and operant components.
2) Aggressive behavior following punishment that occurs because it has enabled the person to escape the aversive stimulation in the past is referred to as sperant aggression.
<h3><u>Escape and Avoidance :</u></h3>
1) Natural reactions to aversive stimulation.
2) As the intensity of the punisher increases , so does the likelihood of escape and avoidance.
3) Can be minimized by providing alternative responses that come into contact with reinforcement and avoid the punisher.
Answer:
d. recall that it will take a less severe mechanism of injury to cause significant injuries.
Explanation:
In older people their bodies have less amount of important cells and tissues in the body. These cells and tissues are beneficial in protection of the body against harm or disease.
Older people usually have osteoclasts which digests and weakens the bone. This poses a greater risk of injury with less severe mechanism of injury.
Depleted blood cells in older people also makes it hard for them to produce the right amount of inflammatory and clotting responses when an injury occurs which makes it more severe compared to younger people.
<span>Since you did not give the choices, here is a brief information about mental disability:
</span><span>A person who was born with a mental disability and cannot perform some of the functions required by everyday life is considered to have intellectual disability.
</span><span>
>An intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior that affect many everyday social and practical skills.</span>
Secondary sexual characteristics are those that emerge during the prepubescent through postpubescent phases (e.g., breasts in females and pigmented facial hair in males).
