Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
Carrier proteins are the proteins in active transport
It's the proteins that cause the egg white to solidify when you cook it. If you keep the heat turned up too high or too long when you cook an egg, the proteins in the egg white form more and more bonds, squeezing some of the water out of the protein network and making the egg white rubbery.
Answer:
A potential
B kinetic
Explanation:
Kinetic energy can be defined as an energy possessed by an object or body due to its motion.
Mathematically, kinetic energy is given by the formula;
Where, K.E represents kinetic energy measured in Joules.
M represents mass measured in kilograms.
V represents velocity measured in metres per seconds square.
Potential energy can be defined as an energy possessed by an object or body due to its position.
Mathematically, potential energy is given by the formula;
Where, P.E represents potential energy measured in Joules.
m represents the mass of an object.
g represents acceleration due to gravity measured in meters per seconds square.
h represents the height measured in meters.
Both potential and kinetic energy is affected by an object's mass.
D. scientists can easily tell which variable caused the results.
Good luck!
