flagellated spores
spores produced in the ascus
lack reproduction phase (they have sexual and asexual reproduction)
important in the
food industry
important in the
digestion of animals
can cause disease in plants
can cause disease in animals
more info on Ascomycota characteristics if you need: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/ascomycota/
bolded answers
Basically, the P-P chain turns 4 protons into: 1 neutrino, 1 gamma ray, 1 positron, 1 helium nucleus.
A gamma ray = energy.
The chain converts hydrogen into helium and makes energy.
This is all occurring through fusion reactions where 2 protons basically smash into each other. But, it could also be e.g. a proton smashing with a deuterium nucleus. Or, other nuclei smashing together to make something else.
Hope this helps!
The right answer is 2.
A prothallus is a small thin blade of chlorophyllian cells when it is green but can also be colorless and saprotrophic. It is derived from the development of a protonema formed during the germination of a spore in pteridophytes (Pteridophyta, ferns and other closely related species). It is a structure formed by mitotic divisions of haploid cells.
<span>the induction of a state of consciousness in which a person apparently loses the power of voluntary action and is highly responsive to suggestion or direction. Its use in therapy, typically to recover suppressed memories or to allow modification of behavior by suggestion, has been revived but is still controversial.</span>