A researcher assesses participants' attitude toward marijuana, presents them with a persuasive communication favoring liberaliza
tion of marijuana laws, and then reassesses their attitude toward the drug. however, between assessment 1 and assessment 2, the president also advocates liberalization of marijuana laws. if the researcher doesn't use a control group, any differences that he or she observes are likely to be caused by _____ effects.
A researcher assesses participants' attitude toward marijuana, presents them with a persuasive communication favoring liberalization of marijuana laws, and then reassesses their attitude toward the drug. Though, among assessment 1 and assessment 2 the president also supporters liberalization of marijuana laws. If the researcher doesn't use a control group, any differences that he or she observes are likely to be caused by history effects. History effects talks about to events that occur in the environment that variation the conditions of a study distressing it outcome. Such a history event can happen before the start of an experiment or between the pre-test and post-test.
d. applied the Second Amendment to state governments.
Explanation:
The second amendment was applied by the Supreme Court holding that it was incorporated under the fourteenth amendment as regards the Due Process Clause or Privileges or Immunities Clause , and reversing the Seventh Circuit in this way. This decision by the Supreme Court in June 2010 cleared the uncertainty in the Chicago gun restrictions as well as in other states.
